森林防火

雷击作为自然火源中主要致灾因子之一，其突发性、隐蔽性和复杂性对传统森林防火体系构成严峻挑战。基于雷击火致灾机制与时空分布规律，系统探讨了“空天地一体化监测网络“”数据驱动预测模型”以及“人机协同响应体系”在监测、预测和应急响应中的技术现状。研究表明：尽管这些技术提升了火灾防控能力，但在极端气候适应能力和多源数据融合方面仍存在一些问题。随着科技发展，防控体系从“被动应急”向“主动智防”转型，未来需强化多学科协同与政策保障，构建更具韧性和适应性的森林火灾防控体系。

Lightning strikes, as main disaster-causing factors among natural fire sources, present serious challenges to traditional forest fire prevention systems due to their suddenness, concealment, and complexity.The disaster mechanisms and spatiotemporal distribution patterns of lightning-induced fires were used as the basis for systematically exploring the technologies of monitoring, prediction, and emergency response, including the "space-air-ground integrated monitoring network", "data-driven prediction models" and "human-machine collaborative response systems". Research indicates that although these technologies have enhanced the capability of fire prevention and control, there are still some issues in terms of adaptability to extreme climates and the integration of multi-source data. With advancements in science and technology, the transition of the prevention and control system from "passive emergency response" to "active intelligent prevention" necessitates strengthened multidisciplinary collaboration and policy support in the future, aiming to build a more resilient and adaptive forest fire prevention and control system.